THE LEADERS OF THE WORLD AUTOMOBILES AND TRAINS STAMP ISSUES

Information and Reference on the Production of the Cars and Trains Stamp Issues Produced by the Format International Security Printers

A Philatelic Scandal that was NOT Such a Scandal After all!!

An unbiased study of what really happened with the Leaders of the World Automobiles and Locomotives series.
Links to the various countries involved in the series are provided in the table at the bottom of the page.

WARNING!

It is now absolute that pretty much every issue on the Eastern Hemisphere side of the LOTW cars and trains issues have been reproduced in recent years. These reproductions are modern fake stamps of the originals. They are inferior in every way. Cheap paper, Blurry details, and completely different gum types. Imperforates, and normal issues have been flooding onto the market since 2014. Fake "invert errors" have also been seen.
Will the Tuvalu side be effected? At present no evidence for LOTW cars and trains has been found. Other issues produced by the Format Printers for Tuvalu have been though, so the threat....is real! According to the court proceeding that happened any reprinting of any Tuvalu stamps produced by the Format Printers for the LOTW issues (or any issue for that matter) by the former owners is a criminal offense! Clive Feigenbaum was found guilty of contempt in one instance of a reprinting happening and that could happen again today to the person responsible for this new flood of shoddy reproductions. Reprint agreement or not.....

Visit my Modern Fake Stamp section on this website to define many of the forgeries so you and other collectors don't get ripped off! The major movers of these fakes are large Latvia based and British based sellers on eBay, Delcampe and Amazon to name a few. It is now at the point where more than 50% of the stamps on the market are forgeries being sold by smaller sellers who purchased these bulk lots from the above mentioned sellers thinking they were getting a deal. Nobody with legitimate and genuine sets of these issues is going to sell you 10 and 15 sets in bulk for 99 cents!
By now at least some of you should realize who the producer of these shoddy "reprints" is! If you don't perhaps you should read this introduction page and my main introduction page about the Format Printers and who ran the company in the last years. Then maybe you can figure it out. It is obvious, at least to some who are educated in the history of the Leaders of the World stamp issues and indeed this is the biggest stamp scandal in the world because one greedy person is devastating the stamp market by flooding it over and over again with these fake low quality "reprints" and "varieties" of them. These forgeries are not only of LOTW issues but many other issues that are not related to the LOTW issues at all!

THE HISTORY

Between 1981 and 1988 some of the islands of the British Commonwealth collaboratively produced an Omnibus issue of official postage stamps commemorating important and historic locomotives and automobiles. The collection became known as Automobiles/Locomotive Philatelica and LOCO 100 and AUTO 100 / The Leaders of the World Series. The stamps were issued as joined pairs for each depicting locomotives or automobiles. The first stamp in the pair depicts the plan and technical views and the second stamp illustrates the train/locomotive or car/automobile.

These stamps were recognized and used as valid postal currency for the transport of mail throughout the world. All these stamps have been officially catalogued by Scott, Michel, Yvert et Tellier, Unificato, Stanley Gibbons, and Domfil. Certain catalogs like Stanley Gibbons wish to not give numbers for certain islands because of questions on quantities produced. This project will show that because they were valid and that millions were not produced of each issue or series, that they should indeed be given numbers. The stamps were on sale in Post Offices in the individual countries of origin or their main post office outlets in regards to the islands, namely Funafuti for the Tuvalu Islands and St. Vincent for the dependencies for 90 days following issue. All the islands and dependencies have and had post offices themselves for which to send and receive mailings and all of the stamps were valid to use as such from their locations. The stamps were also made available through the Crown Commonwealth Agents outlets (of which some vehemently wish to deny only because of personal bias) and the Philatelic Distribution Corporations (PDC) outlets until their withdrawal in 1990 namely because they were demonitized by Tuvalu.

According to one reliable philatelic source, the stamps for St. Vincent and Dependencies can still be validly used for postage in their country. With these waves of reproductions being placed on the market it would be wise for all the countries involved in the LOTW programs to demonetize them as Tuvalu has done to protect their own postal systems from fraudulent usage.

The series was huge! Some countries issuing seven to eight different sets ranging four to eight values per set. This came to a total number of over 900 individual stamps! It is agreed that several millions of the issues were produced, but the biased stigma that millions were produced of each of the values and/or sets is now to be shown as false because the actual documentation of the original concept and reprint orders show it. Due to rumors and misleading statements spread by enemies of the final owners of the printing company (the Feigenbaums) including the previous owners of the company and certain Philatelic agencies, some ex-employees of the company and some "experts" and stamp dealers. This also includes certain forum owners and magazine editors and writers who for whatever reasons (possible ties with the above mentioned enemies) wish to continue the misinformation on these stamp issues. Because of misinformation the stamp collecting community has been wary of collecting these issues out of fear of their devaluation due to exaggerated rumors of millions being held/hidden in warehouses, attics, the police evidence holding and elsewhere which will be shown as false in this documentation presented to and for you, the collector or dealer of stamps.

Notations in Scott Catalog stating "Large Quantities" and possibly other statements as such either need to be changed or ignored as proper and reasonable research into the matter was never done and only the words of the above mentioned has been referenced over all these years.

The main article which has circulated for years needs to be looked at closely to understand that it is biased and misleading in itself. Not to say it is a good general reference of the trial and the compiler Mr. Brian Cannon only had the written articles based on one writers view to go by. It is compiled by various articles of the day and is not an official record of what actually happened before nor during the trials. The articles that were used use hearsay many times and use twisted calculations and statements to make one think that millions of errors and millions of copies of a single value or set were made.
There are many written statements using these tactics but I will present only one example here. Read the articles it was compiled from yourself to see the full reason why I say it was a scandal that was not such a scandal after all. Here is the example:

"During his time at Philatelists, under Ronald Grover, progressive proofs of St. Vincent Locomotives were sold to the public at highly inflated prices because “only 250 were printed”. In fact 3000 had been sold."

This is hearsay stated by Mr. Lagerwaard which is a twisting of the facts. Never was it written nor said that only 250 were printed. A maximum of 250 limited edition presentation folders were to be made from the 3000 sets that were printed. The rest were stored until the Metropolitan police raided the printing company and confiscated them. Yes, probably for resale in the future in and of themselves as single sets, but never to be put into more presentation folders which would have been fraud. Just this line alone shows bias and over exaggeration of the facts. What would you expect from someone who was fired by Clive Feigenbaum and went on a personal vendetta against him including secretly trying to contact the Tuvalu philatelic agency with intent to destroy him? No way you say? I have copies of the documents sent to them and used in the trials.
The fact is the progressive color proofs mentioned in the article have been held by the police until 2008 when they were just released!! So you tell me.... how were they "SOLD"?!?

Here is a link to my analysis of the article.

Tuvalu- A Philatelic Scandal Analyzed

Here, and in many other studies, I will show documentation showing evidence that these old articles and such have used false and misleading information. You the collector or dealer can decide for yourself what the truth really is.

HERE WE GO!

In October 1983 the first series of locomotives was issued by St. Lucia. St. Vincent issued their first series of automobiles on November 9 and their first series of locomotives on December 8, 1983. Nevis issued their first series of locomotives on November 10th of that year and Tuvalu joined in during February of 1984 with their first series of locomotives. Soon after the dependencies of St. Vincent and Tuvalu joined in with their first series.

You may notice that only St. Vincent issued a series of automobiles that year. This is because the mass marketing of the automobile series did not start until mid 1984. Philatelists Ltd. had already begun the mass marketing of the locomotive series and it was going quite well at the time. The proposal to begin the mass marketing of the automobile series was not made until March of 1984 and soon after it began.
I do not have the proposal on the locomotive series but guess what! I do have the original proposal on the automobile series! I believe that both would be similar in content. One thing I enjoy noting (to the dismay of some ego driven rumor makers) here is that the proposal in itself is solid evidence that millions of a single pair or single series of the Leaders of the World Automobiles and Locomotives was never even thought of being produced!

I have scanned and produced a PDF file of the whole proposal (known as the concept) for public viewing. Mind you it is a 7 Meg file so please be patient with the download.

1984 The Mass Marketing of a Stamp Series Featuring Motor Cars

Printing orders have long since been lost for these but we can make the fair deduction that very few "errors" were produced at that time as not many appeared on the market.

The majority of "errors" did not appear on the market until after January of 1987 after the signing of a new contract between Rapid 2178 Limited, (which was in process of changing their name to Philatelic Distribution Corporation Ltd.), Philatelists Limited, and the London & New York International Stamp Company Limited. The contract allowed the sole right to reprint stamps at the PDC's discretion with clauses in the agreement for certain series and issues not being allowed to reprint.
I have also created a PDF file showing the contract which can be viewed by clicking on the link below.

1987 Right to Reprint Contract

The price paid by Mr. Feigenbaum was supposedly £320,000.
The archived financial documents at Companies House in the UK confirm plans for the sale of this agreement and what were called "Continuity Programs" to try to get Philatelists Ltd. out of financial "hot water" so to speak. It failed as the collapse of Philatelists Ltd. showed.
Perhaps if the payments for the agreements had not been spread over a two year period and instead paid "all at once" the company might not have failed.
It was too little, to late as far as the financials were concerned.
The Reprint Agreement was one of the main focal points in the trials and was proven binding and completely legal. It is what mainly destroyed the prosecutions cases. Clauses in the contract showed some good news though. There were some of series and sets of stamps that were excluded from reprinting. Thus these sets and such can now be verified as finite in numbers. The problem today is that certain issues that were excluded have been reproduced recently and therefore we cannot go fully word for word by the agreement until these shoddy reproductions are fully defined in the catalogs separating them from the genuine original printings that were made at Format exclusively.

A NOTE ON THE MADE FOR COLLECTOR ERRORS

Ongoing research into the production of the made for collector errors is showing that in many cases either they were all destroyed or only one value was saved. It appears that for certain 1986 sets on the Eastern Hemisphere side, (St. Vincent, Nevis etc.) a majority of the values for a given set were saved as they exist on the market today. The made for collector errors are difficult to track down and because of this fact, the market itself is showing that not a lot of them exist for many sets produced by the Format Printers. Time will tell us what exists but at present, evidence shows us that the over exaggerated statements of millions of these errors for the LOTW trains and cars series exist is not fact. Inclusion of the progressive color proofs, imperforates and specimen overprinted stamps as errors, which is used in numerous calculations in the above mentioned article, is not to be accepted. They are not errors or "flawed stamps" as the writer tried to portray them as.

I have acquired copies of the actual prosecuting attorney's exhibit (#50) showing the actual order list for reprints in 1988. This was the last list ordered and we can deduct that prior reprint orders were for sets not on this list. This list was run over a four month period up to the time that the printing company closed. As one can see the very last group never made it to press as it is not checked off. We now know that most of the LOTW series of stamps (except issues listed in Schedule 1 of the reprint agreement) including the '86 Royal wedding, 60th Birthday, 85th Birthday, Audubon Birds, Flowers and so forth were indeed reprinted with finite numbers of normals, imperforates, specimen overprints (perf/imperf) and errors either missing colors, inverted watermarks, frames or misperfed. These were made for promotional programs and only some shady and I would say completely deceitful dealers (some still here today) trying to claim that they are genuine true errors or using evasive wording and trying to sell them at over inflated prices thus adding to the wariness that collectors and dealers alike have about the Leaders of the World series as a whole.

EXAMPLE

One dealer based in Australia has a full page ad stating that the tete-beche 1986 Royal Wedding issues from Tuvalu (featuring Princess Diana) are errors where in fact all issues from all the countries involved in the series were printed in that form for booklets. This dealer wanted extremely high dollar amounts for them stating they are extremely rare which they are not. He is either totally ignorant, (which I doubt) or completely deceptive which has been shown to be true in numerous cases. Supposedly sold out now. Selling them at $65AU which is $57US. I offer them at a lot less. Please visit my studies on them for more details and the true facts about them. I feel sorry for collectors that were duped by him. I would avoid buying anything from dealers such as this. This one even uses a major stamp forum to peddle his wares. One reason I don't like forums.

I would also like to note that as more evidence is compiling that the so called missing value and sometimes country name errors may not be errors at all. Evidence is mounting that they were either what are called running proofs or they were made that way to place the denomination (value) on most and country name also on some at a later date as the country involved may have been in process of changing postal rates and or format of name. This is the case with several countries an example being, Guyana. The Reichenbachia Orchid series which is also a huge series and very popular with collectors, have numerous issues of the same stamp with changed values and there do exist numerous missing values of the said issues. Analysis shows the denominations were placed in a late stage of production.

The last series of issues, meaning original orders, made in 1987 were not reprinted because the established practices of the print orders for reprints was incorporated into the original print orders as in imperfs, specimen overprints and errors. In many cases, larger numbers were requested instead. I have later print orders, not from the trial exhibits, showing this.
This shows why the last series from quite a few of the countries are getting hard to find.

The creation and printing of stamps is not in any way, cheap to do. Designing, creating the plates, reams of special paper, inks, gumming, and numerous employee wages, and packaging and shipping costs, promotions are all factors in the cost of making and selling them. Thousands of £'s were spent in the production of issues with the hope of resale being the only driving force, thus we now know that in all cases the reprinting was only done once! Were millions of a single issue or set made? Definitely not!

With the new shoddy print reproductions flooding the market now though you may think producing them is cheap. It is if you are running them off on a "tiny" printer (nothing like the Heidelburg printers used at Format) and printing them with cheap paper, using cheap ink and gum and an eBay purchased perforating machine and don't care about all the major faults produced with said cheap equipment!

Let us now look at some more evidence!

First, here is an image of a copy of the final reprint order list taken for the Tuvalu trials. I have noted next to all of the numbers what stamps by Scott and Stanley Gibbons number to clarify. Interesting yes? Please take note that reprinting did not start happening until the end of January 1987 thus not a lot of time between then and the closing of the printing companies doors. They were still designing and producing many new issues for many countries at the same time.

This list shows quite a few sets that progressive color proofs seem not to be available or are rarely offered. The standard was to produce 3,000 sets. Many times these are offered at extremely high prices. They should be considered in the same status as all LOTW reprints meaning 3,000 sets still exist, unless it is proven otherwise. The only progressive color proofs that are true rarities and in some cases unique are from the uncut press sheets.

THE LAST REPRINT ORDER LIST FROM TRIAL EXHIBIT 50


Here I will present an example of an original print invoice and an example of a reprint invoice. I have many but do not wish to make this page too long. This is to let you get the point that the "millions produced" stigma is not to be believed. Subsequent pages for each country have been made showing quantities produced either by evidence such as this or logical deduction based on the evidence that still exists. These pages have been linked in the table at the bottom and also linked to the base reference pages under each set imaged on those pages. Please read them and then you can make your own decisions as to what the truth really is.

Should we believe the words written and said by so called "experts" and article writers who never even set foot into a high security printing companies facilities and whose writings were influenced by words and opinions of disgruntled ex-employees, agencies and the like?
Or, should we make our judgments of the value and status of existence presented with documented proof of which has been recovered from numerous reliable sources of which these people never had access to or were too incompetent to fully research the subject before producing rumor driven articles and/or views on the subject.

YOU DECIDE

EXAMPLE OF REPRINT INVOICE FROM TRIAL EXHIBIT 50

Here is an original printing invoice for a set issued after the contract with Tuvalu was signed in 1987.
As we know, one can see that imperforates, and specimen overprinted, were ordered at the same time as the normals for the Tuvalu cars issue of 8 designs which was the final series for Tuvalu. Notice the cost! Just think what millions would cost!!

We now know for this particular set that the Tuvalu Philatelic Bureau's representatives took all the varieties of this set and destroyed them. They were authorized to enter into the trial evidence holding and take anything they deemed as errors. Obviously the stamps listed in this invoice are not errors, but they were confiscated anyway. Charges were never filed for this but in essence, one could state they took them under not so honorable conditions.

So why the trial?

The trials were made because at the time basically Tuvalu's sole income was from the production of stamp issues. They were getting quite a large sum of money over the past few years from the Leaders of the World program and various other issues. The problem stems from the letter Mr. Clive Feigenbaum sent dated March 1, 1988. As director of the PDC, Mr. Feigenbaum had knowledge that Tuvalu was underhandedly offering sales of their stamps directly through their own philatelic bureau and through outside sources in the UK and the U.S.A without consulting with the PDC. As many contend, yes the quantities the Tuvalu Philatelic Bureau received would never be fully used in mailings from their own country. Somebody within their philatelic bureau saw another financial opportunity to sell portions through other sources outside of the PDC's contractual arrangements. This is documented according to Mr. Feigenbaum in the UK Philatelic Press.

BREACH OF CONTRACT BY TUVALU!

According to contracts between philatelic agencies like the Crown Agents and the PDC, a philatelic bureau in a given country is authorized to sell their countries stamps and other philatelic items in their own country. The philatelic agency sells the countries stamps outside of the country of issue unless agreements are made. According to Mr. Feigenbaum this was not the case!

It is obvious that such would not be approved by the PDC or any other philatelic agency. Why would a philatelic agency pay to have stamps produced for a country, give a quantity of them to the country to sell and use in their country for free, pay the country royalties for the issue, and then allow that country to sell the stamps on the world market in direct competition with the philatelic agencies sources? That would be bad for business for any philatelic agency, would you not agree?

Here's the letter!



This letter, as you can see, was used in the defense in the trial. It shows us that Tuvalu was about to lose it's main source of income!
That $430,000 for one year of service is a lot of money for a tiny country like Tuvalu!
The letter shows us that the PDC had the option to drop them entirely!
Therefore, Tuvalu in a desperate last ditch effort tried to reverse the accusations and convict the accused in the trial. Simply look at the dating on the imaged letter and the date Tuvalu filed in the British courts for trial. They were probably in hopes of gaining a large monetary settlement from the accused before their stamp program was shut down entirely.
They lost the trials and so that did not happen.

The so called "breaches of contract" against the printer were not breaches of contract at all except for one instance which I would say is pretty "trumped up". The problem that Tuvalu had was that when they placed orders for new issues they did not "read the fine print" in the contracts they signed which were through the PDC. In other words they did not notice, or chose to ignore, that later contracts they signed were tied to the reprint contract explicitly! A common practice with the purchase of many contracts signed to this day for any number of products. They did know that certain varieties were to be printed for promotional reasons and I do have even more evidence that they along with other countries involved accepted large royalties from the production and sale of said varieties although it seems that admission to this fact is vague if at all.

Still don't believe it?

NEW INFORMATION!!

In my research of the thousands of documents used in the trials I have now found the actual contract used for the Leaders of the World stamp program!
They too were obtained and used in the trials as evidence by the prosecuting attorney. To their dismay it strengthened the accused parties defense rather than their own. I found the base contract in sections showing competing contracts between The British Crown Agents and Philatelists Limited. Noting that country name, financial areas and the final signatures are blank. This is a copy of the original contract used by all the countries involved in the Leaders of the World stamp program.
The dating for 1985 is because this copy was sent to the St. Helena government at the time Philatelists Limited was trying to obtain contracts with St. Helena.
It shows absolute proof of how the financial arrangements were made with the countries involved. For Tuvalu, it shows that nine of these were made for Tuvalu and the island dependencies. If you check your stamp catalogs you will see that the number of issues produced each year follows this contract to the letter!

View The Leaders of the World Stamp Contract Here!

It was the fault of the Tuvalu philatelic Bureau that signed the contracts. The same holds true for St. Vincent, St. Lucia and so forth. It gave explicit rights to print the stamps and anything else related to them to promote the sales of them. In the trials, Mr. Feigenbaum never claimed that the specialized materials were not printed, only that he had the right to produce the errors, imperforates, and progressive color proof sets as per the contracts, of which the judge and jury agreed. The trials proved this as all charges were acquitted.

The only thing Mr. Feigenbaum was held guilty of in an earlier case, was for contempt of court for allowing an employee to order and have reprinted another group of Tuvalu stamps which were on the list of stamps in the October 7, 1987 contract which had been canceled.
I note here, a new contract was fully under way with Tuvalu, because there are other issues that were produced by the PDC and Format and issued after October of 1987.

I must state here that indeed Mr. Feigenbaum operated many philatelic endeavors that were and are "under handed" mainly to the philatelic community. Producing labels for islands that do not have proper services, producing labels for non-existent countries, and reprinting stamps that were created and produced at the Format International Security Printers long after they went bankrupt and closed down is not what I would call moral or ethical by any means. Driven simply by greed and to obtain profits from dealers and collectors who do not have the knowledge to detect and avoid purchasing or investing in such fakery.

The laws in Britain state that being the director of the company, it was his duty to enforce the injunctions made by the Tuvalu government restricting earlier issues. Call it looking the other way or turning a blind eye it happened and that is all. Some characters use this as a point in arguments acting as if this finding were a conviction for murder! In reality it is a minor offense and upon appeal the jail sentence and costs of which were £100,000, not mentioned in the Tuvalu Scandal article, were dropped and only the fine of £3,000 was upheld. A mere drop in the bucket to a millionaire. People go to jail for much larger offenses and are sentenced for less time. In point, it really has nothing to do with this study as it is about quantities produced and what was produced. Certain people in forums and blogs and using old uninformed and biased written articles might try to sway your attentions away from the point of this study. Please take advise and ignore them because they are just ploys to maintain their personal bias and vendetta against the Leaders of the World stamps produced by the Format Printers as a whole.

A key point about the evidence that was shown in the trial that is being overlooked to this day is that the documents show the inside workings of a majority philatelic agencies and the printers they use. It exposes what many have been doing for many years. These documents are destroyed soon after production of stamps thus destroying all evidence of what was and is actually ordered and produced.

Stamp agencies, bureau's, dealers and collectors do not want you to know much of what is in them because they reveal the fact that the majority of varieties on the market since the early 60's were ordered and produced simply for profits.
Even without any documents the proof is still there. They are the stamps and varieties of those stamps that are being bought and sold today. In those early years they never thought that a system would develop that would show the evidence. It is called.....the internet.

Do a simple research project of your own. Just look on eBay, Delcampe and many other sites that sell the varieties and see what exists that was produced by The House of Questa, Walsall, Cartor, Waddingtons, De la Rue, on and on. Then answer this question.
How can so many exist if they were not doing the same thing?

In closing, I would like to say, that perhaps if the problems created by the few discontented entities involved because of their own failures in understanding the full aspects of contracts that they signed had not happened. If other entities had not mismanaged the company years prior and were taken over, or were fired or let go, or deceitfully obtained materials, the Format International Security Printers Ltd. could still have been printing beautiful series of stamps to this day. They printed some of the most beautiful, famous and popular modern sets and series in the world! The Royal Weddings, Audubon Birds, Royal Birthdays, Reichenbachia Orchids series, Olympics, Rowland Hill, Statue of Liberty Centenary, Flowers, Wildlife, hundreds and hundreds of historical events, on and on. They revolutionized the lithographic process of printing stamps. They printed stamps for over 100 countries in their brief history. They revolutionized and changed the collecting market in many ways.

The final owner of Format, Mr. Feigenbaum in a way did revolutionize the stamp producing market expanding the new markets of topical collectors and variety collectors with products developed at affordable prices for the general population. He carried on despite disapproval and backlash from certain personalities unwilling to bend or modernize their views. To those I must say, it looks like he won.

By producing progressive color proof sets, imperforates and specimen overprinted sets in limited numbers and "made for collector errors" and making them available to the public they started a whole new group of collectors. These same practices are used by many countries today and were used in the past. A good example being the Christmas Seals made in the United States. Some outdated collectors and dealers and certain philatelic societies unwilling to bend and modernize to this day still object to what the Format International Security Printers started. Today there are many stamp issuing entities that are doing the same exact thing following in the Format Printers footsteps in producing limited numbers of progressive color proof sets, specimen overprinted sets, and "made for collector" errors for collectors. In time these dissidents will have to change their views as now as the market shows....they are being ignored. Sooner or later those who wish to deny the right of existence to the Format materials which are now proving to be in many cases, much rarer than many varieties produced by many other countries including the U.S. and Canada who now too are producing imperforates and such in "limited" numbers for collectors, will either have to comply or "fade away".....
Noting the latest "made for collector" error produced by the U.S. postal service. The 2013 inverted inverted Jenny stamp sheetlets of which 100 were created and seeded among the millions of normals produced. Dealers are offering $25,000 for one sheetlet of six! They break the rules for all major catalogs and yet they will be noted and valued in future Scott Catalogs and probably the other major stamp catalogs.
So...I ask you this. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE???

Alas, because of the problems, the company and others folded into bankruptcy and was liquidated. Now we have only what was produced. And now, it is time for the truth to be known and establishment of values for the philatelic material recovered and saved to be made for future generations of collectors and researchers to have and study.
The negative stigma placed on the printers and the stamps they produced by a few, who have absolutely no evidence to back up their claims needs to be changed. It will be changed because the evidence as to what the company did does exist and will be shown, even though much has been lost over the last 25 years. That is the goal of the studies.

The links below will take you to the individual country pages for the countries involved in the Leaders of the World Automobiles and Locomotives stamp series.

Your friend and fellow collector and researcher,
JLowe

Enjoy the show!

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